N-acetyl-L-cysteine powder

What is N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine powder?

N-acetyl-L-cysteine ​​(NAC) is a building block of glutathione and has been called the "mother of all antioxidants." It is valued for its ability to increase glutathione levels in the body, which is extremely important for lung function, brain function, and liver detoxification. It is also valued for its ability to break up mucus, making it easier to cough up phlegm caused by respiratory and lung diseases. In addition, it is involved in regulating glutamate levels, which affects neurons in the central nervous system.

Classified as a "semi-essential" amino acid because it can be made by the body in small amounts, many people could still benefit from consuming more cysteine ​​in their diet or through supplementation due to its numerous health benefits. The body can normally make N-acetyl-L-cysteine ​​from the amino acids serine and methionine, but it requires adequate folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 to do so. Along with two other amino acids (glutamine and glycine), it is required to make glutathione, a major antioxidant that is essential for health. It is usually the amino acid in short supply when making glutamine, so it is important to get enough of this amino acid, even though it is not essential. Although it is a mild oxidative stress scavenger, its most important role is to restore glutathione, which is one of the most powerful antioxidants in the body.

Physiological functions

It has multiple physiological functions such as anti-oxidation, detoxification, and immunity enhancement. It is a precursor of glutathione and can enter the active oxygen scavenging system through the glutathione cycle to play an antioxidant role; at the same time, it has a strong detoxification effect on the liver and is widely used in chemotherapy, detoxification and other treatment processes; it can also enhance immunity and help the body fight against viruses, bacteria and other invasions.

Application:

1. Medical application
It plays an important role in medical applications. It is used to treat various lung diseases, including colds, bronchitis, asthma, etc., which can improve symptoms and prevent complications; it can also be used to treat liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatitis, and has a good protective effect.
2. Health care product application
It is also widely used in the field of health care products. It is added to a variety of health care products, such as vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. As an auxiliary ingredient, it can help the human body improve immunity, delay aging, improve sleep, etc.
As an important amino acid, it has many important physiological functions and is widely used in the fields of medicine and health care products. Its research and application will provide more possibilities for human health and life health.
3. Application of food additives
In addition to the fields of medicine and health care products, it is also widely used as a food additive. Its antioxidant properties and taste-enhancing properties make it a common additive in the food industry. It can be used in foods such as preservatives, seasonings, bread and pastries to enhance the taste of food and extend the shelf life.
As a free amino acid, cysteine ​​is more likely to produce glutathione when ingested as part of complete protein in food. Oral supplementation of NAC is also more effective in increasing glutathione levels than supplementing glutathione itself. This is because glutathione breaks down in the gastrointestinal tract, while NAC does not. It enters the blood intact.
Clinical studies support 1200 mg per day (600 mg twice a day). This is an ideal nutritional supplement for adults who want to improve the health of their immune system. NAC is an effective choice for anyone with high levels of oxidative stress or insufficient glutathione reserves.
It is suitable for breathing difficulties caused by a large amount of sticky sputum, such as difficulty in expectoration after surgery, acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, emphysema, etc., which cause sputum viscosity, difficulty in expectoration, and sputum blocking the trachea.

Efficacy

1. Respiratory tract
Suitable for long-term smokers. The sulfur group contained in the NAC molecule can break the disulfide bonds in the glycoprotein polypeptide chain in the sputum, reduce the viscosity of the sputum, and liquefy it. It can also break the DNA fibers in purulent sputum, so it can not only dissolve white sticky sputum but also dissolve purulent sputum, making the patient's sputum thin and easy to cough up, avoiding repeated infections caused by the sticky sputum that is difficult to cough up and stays in the respiratory tract. Lung protection: NAC can reduce the apoptosis of type I alveolar epithelial cells induced by nicotine, and can also inhibit the apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells induced by cigarette extracts.
Bronchus: Chronic bronchitis is closely related to smoking. Cigarettes can stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators, and also lead to goblet cell hyperplasia, increased mucus secretion, and blockage of the respiratory tract. NAC can maintain sufficient glutathione in the lungs and respiratory tract, and protect the respiratory tract through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Other studies have shown that it can resist formaldehyde damage to bronchial epithelial cells.
Note: Use with caution in people with bronchial asthma
Airway mucus is a mixture of mucin, sugars, proteins, water, etc. secreted by airway submucosal glands and goblet cells, which has the function of protecting the airway and moistening the air. However, under the influence of multiple pathogenic factors such as smoking, infection, and oxidative stress, goblet cells and mucous glands hypertrophy and proliferate, secrete vigorously, and produce excessive mucus. In addition, the cilia of airway epithelial cells are dysfunctional and the airway purification ability is reduced, which leads to difficulty in expectoration in patients. Sputum blocking the airway may cause or aggravate dyspnea.
2. Liver
Protect the liver, help the liver detoxify, and relieve alcohol
After drinking a lot of alcohol, harmful substances such as acetaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide are produced during the metabolism of alcohol (ethanol).
Except for a small part of the ethanol ingested by humans that is metabolized in the stomach, most of it is metabolized in the liver. NAC can accelerate ethanol metabolism and counteract ethanol liver damage.
When liver cells are damaged (drugs, alcohol, poisons and other factors), a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced, which can increase the number of pro-oxidants in the liver, reduce antioxidants, cause oxidative stress, and cause adenosine triphosphate failure and a decrease in GSH levels in the liver.
It can remove ROS and protect liver cells by affecting the activity of GSH, SOD, and heme oxygenase in liver tissue. GSH can provide sulfur groups (-SH) for liver enzymes, promote liver enzyme activity, maintain normal metabolism of liver cells and integrity of cell membranes. It can also maintain the methionine content of the liver through the γ-glutamine cycle, ensure transmethylation and transpropylamino reactions, and support the liver's synthesis, detoxification, fat metabolism, bilirubin metabolism and hormone inactivation functions.
It is recommended to take NAC before alcohol intake to prevent alcoholic liver damage.
3. Thyroid
Hashimoto's thyroid people delay the progression of the disease and protect the thyroid
Hashimoto's thyroiditis will cause hyperthyroidism in the early stage, and then as the disease progresses, TPOAb (thyroid peroxidase antibodies) and TgAb (thyroglobulin antibodies) will continue to attack thyroid cells, destroying their ability to secrete thyroid hormones, and finally causing the body to have permanent hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism). The immune system of people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis identifies thyroid cells as foreign or harmful substances, and thus generates antibodies to attack these cells. This attack causes inflammation and damage to cells that synthesize thyroid hormones. As thyroid cells are damaged and destroyed by the immune system, thyroid hormones that are usually stored in cells will be released into the circulatory system, causing the body's thyroid hormone levels to be too high, which can cause temporary hyperthyroidism. Under physiological conditions, the biosynthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones are accompanied by the generation of free radicals, and the antioxidant defense system can quickly remove free radicals, and the free radical content is in a relatively balanced state. However, under abnormal conditions, the thyroid and surrounding tissues are in a state of oxidative stress, accompanied by inflammation.
The significance of supplementing NAC is that the generated GSH acts as an antioxidant to slow down the damage to the thyroid gland caused by the above oxidative stress. At present, studies have shown that the serum GSH level of Hashimoto's people is low and is inversely proportional to the levels of TPOAb and Tgab antibodies.
In addition, selenium supplementation is recommended to maintain the level of GPx.
In addition, since the thyroid contains a variety of selenoproteins, the selenium content in the thyroid is second only to the liver and kidney, and the selenium content per gram of tissue is the highest in the thyroid. Selenium is essential for maintaining the metabolism and synthesis of thyroid hormones in the human body and animals.
Selenium can increase the activity of peroxidase, thereby reducing the damage of free radicals to the thyroid. The main scavenging system for free radicals is selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, which has the function of resisting lipid peroxidation of cell membranes.
4. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) induces ovulation in women with PCOS and helps pregnancy. PCOS is a common endocrine and metabolic abnormality. It is a syndrome of endocrine disorders characterized by rare ovulation or anovulation, high androgen or insulin resistance, and polycystic ovary. Endocrine disorders in women, excessive androgens activate a large number of primordial follicles, but these follicles are difficult to mature, and the continuous production of immature cystic follicles causes the ovaries to become polycystic and enlarged, hence the name "polycystic ovary syndrome". Adjusting endocrine disorders and inducing ovulation are the main means of treating PCOS infertility patients.
NAC reduces the level of androgens in the body by increasing glutathione levels, while improving the level of insulin secretion under sugar load. As an insulin sensitizer, it acts on the ovaries, regulates the abnormal glucose metabolism of the ovaries themselves (insulin resistance), and restores its sensitivity to gonadotropin.
Studies have shown that reactive oxygen species ROS are generated in the follicular fluid microenvironment, folliculogenesis, and steroidogenesis, and both obese and non-obese PCOS patients have higher ROS levels in their bodies. Therefore, the imbalance of antioxidant factors and ROS in the follicular fluid of PCOS women may be one of the reasons for low oocyte quality, immature follicle development, and inability to ovulate. NAC can remove ROS and improve oocyte quality. In addition, low selenium levels can also cause elevated levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone, both of which are common abnormal conditions in PCOS, so they can be supplemented together.
5. Detoxification
Neutralize toxins such as heavy metals, fluorides, and free radicals. The thiol group of NAC has a high affinity for heavy metals and can provide chelating sites for metals, so it can neutralize metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium. In addition, NAC can also neutralize free radicals produced with metabolism: free radicals lack electrons and will rob electrons from human cells everywhere in the body. If a protein cell molecule is seized, its side chain will change, which is what we often call molecular distortion. These distorted molecules that lose electrons will continue to seize electrons from neighboring molecules. In this vicious cycle, a large number of distorted molecules will appear, and the so-called gene mutation also comes from this.
6. Relax emotions and relieve anxiety
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Excessive accumulation of glutamate in the brain may cause people to be overexcited, leading to poor sleep, migraines, mood swings, anxiety and insomnia.
Formulation
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Tablet Formulation

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