CAPE Powder

What is caffeic acid phenethyl ester?

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, referred to as CPAE, is one of the main active components of propolis and is effective against herpes viruses. Other viruses inhibited by components in propolis include adenovirus and influenza virus.

The structure of caffeic acid phenethyl ester contains an 0-dihydroxy (catechol) phenyl structure, which is a common structure for scavenging free radicals. It also has two ortho-position phenolic hydroxyl groups, which makes the electron density on the benzene ring high and extremely Easy to auto-oxidize and develop color. Bors et al. reported that the 0-dihydroxybenzene ring structure plays an important role in the antioxidant effect of flavonoids. The chemical composition of propolis in different regions is different, so the CAPE content is also different. Research shows that the CAPE content in propolis produced in China is relatively high, reaching 15 ~ 25mg/g, while the propolis produced in Brazil does not contain CAPE. The laboratory uses caffeic acid and β-bromoethylbenzene as raw materials and potassium phosphate as a catalyst to synthesize caffeic acid phenethyl ester with a yield of up to 60%.

Chemical structure of CAPE

The structure of CAPE contains an ortho-dihydroxy (catechol) phenyl structure, which is a common structure that scavenges free radicals. It also has two ortho-position phenolic hydroxyl groups, which makes the electron density on the benzene ring high and easily auto-oxidizes. Color development. Bors et al. reported that the o-dihydroxybenzene ring structure plays an important role in the antioxidant effect of flavonoids. The double bonds at the 2' and 3' positions of CAPE are also relatively active, which can enhance its antioxidant capacity. The structure of the phenethyl ester group of CAPE is also of great significance to its biological activity. It can enhance the ability of CAPE to penetrate the cell membrane and exert its physiological and pharmacological effects.

The physiological and pharmacological effects of CAPE

CAPE Powder has a wide range of physiological and pharmacological activities. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune-stimulating properties. CAPE is a specific inhibitor of nuclear factors and can change the redox state and induce apoptosis. CAPE can also have growth inhibitory effects on different types of transformed cells.

1. Antioxidant effect

The CAPE structure contains a catechol structure, which is a strong antioxidant. A large number of studies have proven that CAPE at 10uM can completely block the production of active oxidative substances in neutrophils and block the xanthine oxidase system. Research has found that the main antioxidant components in propolis are CAPE, caffeic acid, quercetin, kampiferol, galangal and caffeic acid cinnamyl. Among them, propolis containing CAPE has stronger antioxidant activity than propolis without CAPE, and CAPE The activity is stronger than the antioxidant activity of galangal, indicating that CAPE is an important component of the antioxidant effect. Ozyurt et al. studied the antioxidant activity of propolis extract against acute kidney injury in rats and showed that the antioxidant effect of propolis extract is better than that of VE, and CAPE is one of the main components. A study on the effect of CAPE on lipid peroxides in the serum of burnt rats found that CAPE may reduce the consumption of SOD by scavenging reactive oxidative substances and inhibiting the activities of xanthine oxidase (XO) and NOS, thereby playing an antioxidant role. .

2. Immune regulation and anti-inflammatory effects

Research shows that CAPE has significant anti-inflammatory effects. CAPE has an anti-inflammatory effect on acute and chronic typical inflammation, formaldehyde-induced and antigenic enhancer-induced arthritis, carrageenan and prostaglandin E2-induced edema inflammation or air sac inflammation, and cotton transplant granuloma. In addition, CAPE also has an immunomodulatory effect, which can change the cell structure of the immune organs thymus and spleen in the inflammatory body, while reducing the weight of the thymus. CAPE can directly or indirectly reduce the number of T cells.

3. Cardiovascular regulating effect

CAPE Powder may have a dual mechanism of action on blood vessels. On the one hand, it activates NO release at low concentrations, and on the other hand, it blocks the exchange of calcium ions inside and outside cells at high concentrations. These results suggest the potential value of CAPE and propolis in prevention, which can effectively avoid complications after resection of thoracic and thoracoabdominal arteries.

4. Other biological activities

In addition to its anti-inflammatory, immune and cardiovascular regulatory effects, Phenethyl caffeate has been reported to have other biological properties in recent years. CAPE can inhibit the activity of HIV-1 and inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen anions (superoxide) produced by the auto-oxidation of β-mercaptoethanol. CAPE also exhibits meaningful inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity and resistance to lipid peroxidation.

Application

CAPE can promote the recovery of hind limb motor function in SCI rats. The results of HE staining and Nissl staining of spinal cord tissue prove that CAPE has a protective effect on spinal cord tissue and neurons, among which the high-dose group has a better protective effect. Further core target RT-qPCR experimental results showed that CAPE's regulation of the above four signaling pathways may be related to inhibiting the expression of EGFR, JUN, MMP9 and PTGS2 and promoting the expression of ESR1 gene.

CAPE may induce autophagy formation by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting HSC-T6 cell proliferation.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester alleviates oxidative stress in pig semen stored at room temperature through the AMPK/FOXO3a signaling pathway.

CAPE can inhibit lipid peroxidation, inhibit platelet aggregation to prevent the formation of thromboembolism, inhibit a variety of immune cytokines to promote wound healing; at the same time, caffeic acid phenethyl ester is also a powerful specific nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity Inhibitors. However, due to the benzene ring and ester structure of phenethyl caffeate, the solubility is extremely low, only 23 μg/m L at 25°C.

Phenethyl caffeate supplier

Yuantai Organic Bio is committed to providing customers with the highest-quality bulk CAPE Powder and services so that every consumer can enjoy natural, healthy, and high-quality food. If you have any inquiries or needs about our products, please feel free to contact us, and we will reply to you as soon as possible.

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