What is hawthorn extract?

What is hawthorn extract?

Hawthorn extract, as the name implies, is the essence extracted from the fruit of hawthorn. It is made of dried and mature fruits of the Rosaceae plant, Sanlihong, and is made into powder through extraction (extraction), concentration, drying, and sterilization.

It is an effective ingredient extracted from hawthorn, which retains the various functions of hawthorn. The main ingredients include hawthorn flavonoids, hawthorn leaf flavonoids, vitexin and other flavonoid compounds, as well as organic acids such as malic acid and citric acid, and also contain nutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin E. It has a variety of health and medical effects, such as promoting digestion, antibacterial, immune enhancement, and lowering blood lipids. In addition, it also helps to lower blood lipids, soften blood vessels, and has a certain effect on preventing cardiovascular diseases.

Alleviate trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced atherosclerosis in mice through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease that has become the leading cause of cardiovascular death worldwide due to its clinical manifestations, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.

TMAO promotes atherosclerosis mainly by inducing vascular inflammation. TMAO triggers the expression of inflammatory genes in the aorta of LDLR−/− mice by activating multiple inflammatory signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal kinase (ERK), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) cascades.

Plasma TMAO levels

Atherosclerotic lesions

Liver cholesterol and lipid content

Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the liver

Gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver

TMAO accelerates the occurrence of atherosclerosis and aggravates inflammation and oxidative stress. HFE can inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and slow down the inflammatory response in mice fed a TMAO diet. HFE, through its powerful antioxidant capacity, enhances the antioxidant defense capacity of plasma and liver, alleviates the oxidative stress aggravated by TMAO, and can also reduce liver cholesterol content in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the excretion of neutral and acidic sterols in feces.

What are the effects?

Cardiotonic effect

It can increase myocardial contractility, increase cardiac output, and slow down heart rate.

Effect on coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption

Hawthorn extract and its total flavonoids can increase coronary blood flow, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial oxygen utilization.

Promote digestion

It can promote the secretion of digestive enzymes in the stomach and promote digestion. The lipase contained can promote the decomposition and digestion of fat; it contains a variety of organic acids and vitamin C, which can increase the activity of pepsin and promote protein digestion. Hawthorn extract has a certain regulatory effect on gastrointestinal function, inhibits the hyperactive rabbit duodenal smooth muscle, and has a slight increase in contraction of the relaxed rat gastric smooth muscle.

Antibacterial

It has a strong antibacterial effect on Shigella, flexneri, sonnei and other dysentery bacteria and Escherichia coli. It also has antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus B, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Bacillus anthracis, Diphtheria bacillus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc. Generally, it has a stronger effect on Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. The processing method seems to have no effect on the antibacterial effect. There is no significant difference in the antibacterial effect of raw hawthorn on Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus, and Escherichia coli.

Immunity enhancement

Experiments have confirmed that hawthorn injection has the function of significantly enhancing the humoral immunity and cellular immunity of rabbits, and has a significant enhancing effect on serum lysozyme content, serum hemagglutination antibody height, heart blood T lymphocyte E rosette formation rate and blood T lymphocyte transformation rate.

Lowering blood pressure and blood lipids

Hawthorn contains many bioactive substances, such as total flavonoids. Flavonoids have a good effect in preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, can reduce the fragility of blood vessels, improve vascular permeability, and reduce blood lipids and cholesterol. Among flavonoids, rutin has the highest content. Clinical trials have shown that rutin has a good alleviating effect on hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension.

Inhibit platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis

The active ingredient total flavonoids has an accelerating effect on platelet and red blood cell electrophoresis, significantly reducing their electrophoresis time, which is beneficial to improving hemodynamics, increasing the surface charge of red blood cells and platelets, increasing the repulsion between cells, accelerating their flow rate in the blood, promoting axial flow, reducing side flow and aggregation adhesion.

Effect on uterine contraction

It has the effect of contracting the uterus and promoting uterine recovery. The contraction of the uterus can promote the discharge of blood clots in the uterine cavity. In addition, it has a vasodilating effect, relieves the state of blood stasis, and has a certain sedative effect. These effects are the pharmacological basis for its use in the treatment of postpartum stasis and abdominal pain.

What fields are used?

Food field

Hawthorn extract, as a natural food raw material, is added to various foods, such as solid beverages, compressed candies, liquid beverages, meal replacement powders and functional foods to increase their taste and nutritional value. It can also be used in the baking industry to add a unique sweet and sour flavor to baked foods such as cakes and bread.

Medical and health field

It has a variety of pharmacological effects, including strengthening the heart, lowering blood lipids, lowering blood pressure, regulating blood vessels, protecting the heart, etc. It has a certain preventive and auxiliary therapeutic effect on cardiovascular diseases. It contains organic acids, which can promote digestion. It is especially suitable for patients with indigestion and is often used in digestive drugs.

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