What is geniposide used for?

What is geniposide used for?

Geniposide Powder, also known as geniposide, belongs to the iridoid glycosides. It is extracted and refined from the dried mature fruits of the Rubiaceae plant Gardenia using high-tech production processes. It is easily soluble in water and ethanol, but insoluble in petroleum ether.

Gardenia, also known as yellow gardenia, gardenia, and white toad, is the fruit of the Rubiaceae plant Gardenia. Gardenia contains more than 40 physiologically active substances, among which the effective ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine Gardenia recognized at home and abroad are iridoid substances.

It is hydrolyzed into geniposide by β-glucosidase, that is, it must be metabolized into gardenia aglycone in the intestine to exert its therapeutic effect. It has the effects of protecting the liver and promoting bile secretion, lowering blood pressure, laxative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging symptoms. It has extremely high medicinal value. At the same time, Gardenia glycoside is also an intermediate and effective monomer of crude drugs for the production of Gardenia Blue, Gardenia Red, and Gardenia Purple.

What can gardeniposide do?

Choleretic

It has obvious gallbladder contraction effect, and its contraction effect is significantly greater than that of water, even close to the effect of a high-fat meal. Therefore, gardenia is believed to have the effect of promoting gallbladder and expelling stones.

Anti-thrombotic

Blockage of endothelial cell growth after vascular injury can cause atherosclerosis and thrombosis. It can promote the growth of basic protofibroblast growth factor and is an effective substance in preventing atherosclerosis and anti-thrombosis.

Anti-inflammatory

Gardenia ethyl acetate extract and 90% ethanol extract both inhibit xylene-induced swelling and formaldehyde-induced swelling, and this isolate has therapeutic effects on both congestion and hemorrhagic injuries.

Anti-inflammatory

It has anti-inflammatory effects, inhibits skin inflammation and viral infections, and can be used to treat skin inflammation, oral inflammation, etc.

Protect liver

It has a protective effect on the liver and can reduce liver damage. It is often used to treat liver diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Lowering blood sugar and lipids

It can significantly promote the absorption of glucose by preadipocytes, and its hypoglycemic effect in vivo and in vitro may be related to the activation of PPARγ.

What Is The Anti-inflammatory Mechanism Of Geniposide Powder?

Inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators

Inhibit inflammatory cytokines: Geniposide Powder can inhibit the release of multiple cytokines during inflammation, such as interleukin IL-6 and IL-1β. These cytokines play a key role in the inflammatory response. By inhibiting their release, Gardenia glycoside can reduce the degree of inflammatory response.

Inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandins, proteases and lysosomes: Existing data show that the anti-inflammatory activity of Gardenia glycoside may be related to the inhibition of these inflammatory mediators. These mediators play an important role in the inflammatory response. By inhibiting their activity and release, Gardenia glycoside can reduce the inflammatory response.

Antioxidant

Scavenging free radicals: Gardeniposide can reduce the generation of free radicals in the liver and enhance the ability to scavenge free radicals. Free radicals are important molecules in the inflammatory response. They can destroy cell structure and function and cause tissue damage. By scavenging free radicals, Gardenia glycoside can protect cells and tissues from oxidative damage.

Protecting liver cells: Gardeniposide can inhibit the activity of liver microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1, reduce the rate of free radical generation, and thus reduce the damage of free radicals to liver cells. This helps to protect the functional and structural integrity of liver cells and reduce the damage of inflammatory response to the liver.

Regulating immune response

Neutralizing endotoxins: Gardeniposide have a significant neutralizing effect on endotoxins (such as LPS). It can bind to Lipid A, the active center of LPS, and directly neutralize the toxicity of LPS, thereby inhibiting LPS from stimulating mononuclear macrophages to release inflammatory factors and reducing the degree of inflammatory response.

Inhibiting nuclear transcription factor signaling pathways: Gardeniposide can also reduce the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the activation of the NF-KB signaling pathway. NF-kB is an important transcription factor in inflammatory response, which regulates the expression of multiple inflammatory genes. By inhibiting the activation of NF-KB, gardenia glycosides can reduce the expression level of inflammatory factors, thereby reducing inflammatory response.

Promoting tissue repair

Promoting the proliferation of ligament fibroblasts: Gardeniposide can promote the proliferation and repair of ligament fibroblasts, which helps the recovery and healing of damaged tissues. This also helps to reduce the damage to tissues caused by inflammatory response to a certain extent.

Preparation of Gardenia glycoside crystals

A method for preparing high-content Gardenia glycoside crystals, characterized by the following steps

(1) Grinding Gardenia fruit into coarse powder, adding ethanol with a concentration of 50-75 v/v% at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5-20 g/mL, extracting 1-3 times at 50-80°C, combining the extracts, adsorbing with diatomaceous earth, and then filtering to obtain a filtrate, and then concentrating the filtrate under conventional vacuum to obtain a Gardenia glycoside extract;

(2) Ultrasonic extraction of the Gardenia glycoside extract obtained in step (1) with a mixed solution of ethyl acetate and methanol for 2-6 times, combining the extracts, and then concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain a crude Gardenia glycoside;

(3) The crude product of Gardenia glycoside obtained in step (2) is dissolved in a 60°C water bath with a methanol solution having a mass concentration of 15% to obtain a saturated solution;

(4) The saturated solution obtained in step (3) is filtered while hot, cooled to room temperature, and then added with analytically pure ethyl acetate at a solvent addition rate of 5 kg/h for one stirring crystallization for 2 hours, the addition of liquid is stopped and the mixture is allowed to stand for 3 hours, and after needle-shaped crystals appear, ethyl acetate is added at a solvent addition rate of 2 kg/h for crystallization until the needle-shaped crystals stop growing, thereby obtaining a crystal system;

(5) The crystal system obtained in step (5) is filtered to obtain crystals, and after reduced pressure drying at room temperature, snow-white needle-shaped Gardenia glycoside crystals are obtained.

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