What are the functions and effects of Andrographolide?

What are the functions and effects of Andrographolide?

Clearing heat and detoxifying: Andrographolide has special effects on bacterial and viral upper respiratory tract infections and dysentery, and is known as a natural antibiotic drug.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic: It has significant anti-inflammatory effects on a variety of inflammations and can relieve pain and discomfort caused by inflammation.

Antibacterial: It has inhibitory effects on a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, etc., so it can be used to treat inflammatory diseases such as bacillary dysentery and acute gastroenteritis.

Protects cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: It can resist the aggregation of platelets and alleviate the increase in blood viscosity in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, thus having a protective effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Treatment of constipation: By increasing gastrointestinal motility and improving gastrointestinal function, it has certain benefits in improving the absorption function of the gastrointestinal tract.

Immune regulation: Andrographolide can regulate the function of the immune system, enhance the body's resistance, help reduce inflammatory reactions, and relieve symptoms such as redness, swelling, and pain.

What is the anti-inflammatory mechanism of andrographolide?

Inhibit the release and synthesis of inflammatory mediators

As one of the main components of the traditional Chinese medicine Andrographis paniculata, andrographolide has the effect of clearing away heat and detoxifying. Its anti-inflammatory effect is mainly achieved by inhibiting the release and synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Inflammatory mediators are key substances that cause inflammatory responses. They can trigger and amplify inflammatory responses, leading to tissue damage and pain. Andrographolide reduces inflammatory responses and protects tissues from further damage by inhibiting the production of these mediators.

Inhibit inflammatory responses and immune responses

Andrographolide can also effectively inhibit the production and release of a variety of inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). These inflammatory factors play an important role in inflammatory responses. Their abnormal expression may lead to aggravated inflammation and tissue damage. Andrographolide inhibits the production of these factors and reduces their damaging effects on tissues, thereby exerting an anti-inflammatory effect.

Promote inflammation resolution and tissue repair

In addition to directly inhibiting the release and synthesis of inflammatory mediators, andrographolide may also promote inflammation resolution and tissue repair through other pathways. For example, it may accelerate the resolution of inflammation by regulating immune function, promoting apoptosis and clearance of inflammatory cells, and promoting regeneration and repair of damaged tissues.

Effect of andrographolide on immunity

Enhance immune function: Andrographolide has a promoting effect, which can enhance the phagocytosis of macrophages and thus improve the body's immunity. For example, the andrographolide preparation Xinyandeping can increase the level of serum lysozyme in mice and enhance the phagocytic ability of peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils.

Inhibit immune response: Dehydrated andrographolide succinate half ester has an inhibitory effect on delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in mice caused by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene.

Anti-inflammatory effect: Andrographolide has an anti-inflammatory effect and has a therapeutic effect on fever, pharyngitis, etc., which also indirectly reflects its effect on the immune system.

Protect cardiovascular: Andrographolide has a protective effect on cardiovascular, including anti-myocardial ischemia and protection of vascular endothelial cells, which may be related to regulating the immune system, because cardiovascular disease is closely related to chronic inflammation.

Immunomodulatory effect: Andrographolide and its derivatives are immunostimulants that regulate the body's nonspecific immune function.

How does andrographolide exert its anti-inflammatory effect?

Inhibit the production and release of inflammatory factors Andrographolide can effectively inhibit the production and release of various inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a), etc. These inflammatory factors play a key role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Abnormal expression of inflammatory factors may lead to symptoms such as joint swelling and pain. Andrographolide can reduce inflammatory symptoms by inhibiting their production and release.

Inhibit the activation of signal pathways

The anti-inflammatory effect of andrographolide also involves the inhibition of multiple inflammation-related targets. For example, it can inhibit the expression and activation of signal pathways such as nuclear transcription factor-KB (NF-KB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These signal pathways play an important regulatory role in the inflammatory process. Andrographolide inhibits their activation and reduces the synthesis and release of downstream inflammatory mediators, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects.

Regulate oxidative stress and immune response

Andrographolide can also regulate oxidative stress and immune response, which is also one of the important mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory effect. By regulating these physiological processes, andrographolide can reduce the damage of inflammatory response to the body and promote the disappearance of inflammation.

Antibacterial effect indirectly reduces inflammation

Andrographolide has good antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, etc. By inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria, andrographolide can reduce the inflammatory response caused by bacterial infection, thereby indirectly exerting an anti-inflammatory effect.

In addition to the above mechanisms, andrographolide may also exert its anti-inflammatory effect through other pathways. For example, it can play an antipyretic role by regulating the function of the hypothalamic temperature regulation center, thereby relieving fever symptoms caused by infection; it can also inhibit the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and reduce the production of prostaglandin E2, thereby playing an analgesic role. These effects also help to alleviate the discomfort caused by inflammatory response to a certain extent.

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