What are the benefits of phlorizin?
What are the benefits of phlorizin?
Antioxidant properties
Free radical scavenging: Phlorizin has certain antioxidant properties and can scavenge various free radicals in the body, such as superoxide anions, ABTS free radicals, DPPH free radicals, etc. Its antioxidant capacity comes from the hydrogen or electron donating capacity of its phenolic hydroxyl group.
Enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes: Studies have shown that phlorizin can induce and increase the activity of various antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), thereby prolonging the lifespan of fruit flies and showing strong antioxidant effects.
Lowering blood sugar
Inhibiting glucose reabsorption: Phlorizin can specifically and competitively inhibit the transport of glucose molecules, especially by inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose by the proximal tubules of the kidneys, increasing the amount of urinary sugar excretion, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.
Improve insulin sensitivity: In animal models, phlorizin has been shown to promote glucose secretion, reduce fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels, and will not cause hypoglycemia side effects. At the same time, it can also restore the insulin sensitivity of diabetic rats to normal, and eliminate or reduce insulin resistance caused by sugar toxicity.
Antibacterial properties
Inhibit the growth of pathogens: Phlorizin can inhibit the growth and reproduction of a variety of plant pathogens, such as gray mold, fire blight, scab fungi, etc., indicating that it has potential application value in plant disease prevention and control.
Improve memory ability
Inhibit blood sugar from entering the brain: Phlorizin can affect the brain's memory ability by inhibiting blood sugar from entering the brain. This mechanism is independent of blood sugar levels or the brain's ability to absorb sugar, so it has a unique effect of improving memory.
Inhibition of apple gray mold
Phorizin treatment has a significant inhibitory effect on the incidence of gray mold and the expansion of lesion diameter after apple harvest. Experiments show that phlorizin can significantly reduce the incidence and lesion diameter, which is significantly different from the control group.
What is phlorizin?
Phlorizin is the glucoside of phlorizin, which belongs to the dihydrochalcone class of flavonoids. It can be extracted from apples, apple bark and leaves, etc., and belongs to the dihydrochalcone class of flavonoids. Phlorizin is a glycoside formed by the combination of phlorizin and glycoside as glucoside, and its degradation product phlorizinol has the effect of effectively inhibiting microbial activity. Phlorizin has a variety of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, lowering blood sugar, improving memory, etc.
Distribution sources of phlorizin
Phorizin is mainly found in plants of the genus Malus in the Rosaceae family. Phlorizin has also been reported in plants of the Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Leguminosae, Fagaceae, and Liliaceae families, but the content is relatively low. In recent years, phlorizin has also been found in plants such as litchi peel, Pyrus betulaeformis leaves, and Cynomorium songaricum, but the content is relatively low. However, a large amount of phlorizin is found in Polystachya sylvestris. In general, plants of the genus Malus are the main source of phlorizin and can be used as raw materials for extracting phlorizin. Apple branches, leaves, and bark all contain a large amount of phlorizin. The distribution of phlorizin in apple fruit is concentrated in seeds and peels.
What is the antioxidant mechanism of phlorizin?
The antioxidant mechanism of phlorizin is mainly reflected in its ability to remove various free radicals produced in the body, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and regulate the balance of oxidation and antioxidant in the body. The details are as follows:
Free radical scavenging ability: Phlorizin contains multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure, which have strong hydrogen or electron donating capabilities. Therefore, it can effectively remove various free radicals in the body, such as superoxide anion (O2·¯), ABTS free radicals, DPPH free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) and ferrous ion (Fe2+) free radicals. This ability to remove free radicals is an important basis for the antioxidant effect of phlorizin.
Increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes: Studies have shown that phlorizin can induce and increase the activity of various antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). These antioxidant enzymes can remove excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxides in the body, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage. Phlorizin further enhances its antioxidant effect by increasing the activity of these enzymes.
Regulating the transcription of endogenous antioxidant genes: The antioxidant effect of phlorizin is also related to its ability to regulate the transcription of endogenous antioxidant genes. Studies have shown that phlorizin can upregulate the expression of Nrf2 protein, thereby regulating the expression of downstream antioxidant genes such as HO-1. The increased expression of these antioxidant genes can further reduce the content of ROS and MDA (lipid peroxide malondialdehyde) and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thereby playing a role in anti-oxidative damage.
Antioxidant and anti-aging effects: The antioxidant effect of phlorizin is also reflected in its ability to delay cell aging. Studies have shown that phlorizin can reduce the content of ROS and MDA in fruit flies induced by a high-fat diet and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thereby playing a role in anti-oxidative damage and delaying aging. In addition, phlorizin can further play its anti-aging role by protecting organs such as the liver from oxidative damage.
What fields are phlorizin used in?
Food field
Phorizin has been approved as a food additive and has the characteristics of a sweetener. It can be used as a sugar substitute for diabetics.
Health care products field
Due to the various health benefits of phlorizin, such as anti-oxidation and lowering blood sugar, it has broad application prospects in the development of health care products.
Cosmetic field
Due to its antioxidant properties, phlorizin can be used in cosmetics to help improve the antioxidant capacity of the product and protect the skin from free radical damage.
Medical field
Phorizin has multiple biological activities such as lowering blood sugar, improving memory, and anti-cancer. It is used to prepare drugs for the treatment of hyperuricemia and as a drug ingredient for the treatment of diabetes.
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