Discover The Magic Of Piperine Powder For Your Health And Wellness
Ⅰ. Origin of Piperine
Piperine is an alkaloid that, along with piperine (chavicine, the cis-trans isomer of piperine), is the main component responsible for the spicy flavor of black pepper. It is used in some forms of traditional medicine and as an insecticide. The spicy flavor caused by capsaicin and piperine is produced by opening the TRPV ion channels on the nociceptors - TRPV-1 channels that are used to sense heat and acidity. In addition, piperine has been found to inhibit cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4 for short) and P-glycoprotein, two enzymes important in metabolism and the transport of xenobiotics and metabolites. In animal studies, scientists have found that piperine also inhibits other enzymes that are important in drug metabolism. By inhibiting drug metabolism, piperine may be able to increase the bioavailability of many compounds. For example, piperine effectively increased the bioavailability of curcumin in humans by 2000%. Due to these inhibitory effects on drug metabolism, piperine should be taken with caution by patients taking medications to avoid side effects. Piperine was first discovered in 1819 by Danish scientist Hans Oster.
Ⅱ. piperine introduction
Piperine is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant, chemical formula for C17H19NO3. colorless monoclinic prismatic crystals, odorless, with a burning sensation after tasting. Neutral to litmus reagent. Soluble in chloroform, ethanol, ether, soluble in benzene and acetic acid, almost insoluble in water and petroleum ether [1] . It can be extracted from the dried nearly ripe or ripe fruits of pepper (Piper nigrum L.), family Piperaceae. It has good antagonistic effects on experimental electroconvulsions in mice, and to varying degrees on convulsive seizures and audiogenic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol, indohexadine toxin, strychnine, and intracerebroventricular injections of cylinder argatroine and glutamate. It is also effective in certain types of epilepsy. Piperine is more toxic to flies than pyrethrum.
Ⅲ.the efficacy of piperine
1. Antioxidant properties
Black pepper and the main active ingredient piperine, which gives pepper its pungent flavor, are powerful antioxidants with significant free radical scavenging activity. Black pepper essential oil is also rich in phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, all of which have powerful antioxidant properties. Piperine is also an anti-inflammatory component that prevents lipid peroxidation.
2. Cardiovascular protection
Black pepper regulates lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative states, all of which affect heart health, while piperine specifically targets the processes associated with atherosclerosis.
3. Liver Protection
Piperine has a variety of pharmacological effects, including liver protection. Studies have shown that piperine may help prevent liver damage caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide and the chemical carbon tetrachloride by reducing lipid peroxidation.
4. Promotes Nutrient Absorption
Black pepper has the unique ability to work synergistically with a wide range of nutrients, promoting their absorption.
5. Immunomodulation
Piperine can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species, and also helps to increase the content of glutathione, so it has a certain immunomodulatory ability.
Ⅳ.Piperine has a wide range of application uses in the food industry, medicine and health care products:
1. Flavoring: Piperine is widely used as a seasoning to add flavor and spiciness to food.
2. Medicine: Piperine has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hemostatic properties and is used in some traditional medicines. It is also used to make topical ointments for relieving problems such as arthritis and muscle pain.
3. Food industry: Piperine can be used in food processing for marinating, cooking and making meat products to add flavor and texture to food.
4. Cosmetics: Piperine is also used in cosmetics and can be used in the production of skin care products, shampoos and perfumes to give the products an aroma, as well as to stimulate blood circulation and promote skin metabolism.
In conclusion, piperine is a natural and effective substance with a wide range of properties such as promoting appetite, aiding digestion, improving the circulatory system, antioxidant, and improving the respiratory system. It has a wide range of application uses in the food industry, medicine and health care products.
Ⅴ.the market situation, market prospects and industry development of piperine
1、Market Prospect
Piperine is a natural alkaloid, which has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, etc. Therefore, piperine has a broad application prospect in the field of medicine. Currently, piperine has entered the clinical trial stage. Piperine has anti-inflammatory effects, and in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, piperine can relieve pain and inflammation. In addition, piperine has been used to treat viral hepatitis, AIDS and other diseases. As people pay more attention to their health, they have higher requirements for the efficacy and safety of drugs. As a natural alkaloid, piperine has high safety and effectiveness, so it has a broad market prospect in the future.
2、Market direction
Piperine is expected to become a new therapeutic drug in the future as it continues to progress in clinical trials. If piperine can pass the clinical trial and get approval, it will become an important therapeutic drug and bring more gospel for patients. In conclusion, piperine, as a natural alkaloid with a variety of pharmacological effects, has a wide range of applications in the field of medicine. In the future, as clinical trials continue to deepen, piperine is expected to become a new therapeutic drug and bring more benefits to patients.
Ⅵ.Detection method for piperine
1 Thin layer chromatography
Thin layer chromatography is a kind of experimental technology developed in recent years for trace, rapid separation and characterization. It belongs to solid-liquid adsorption chromatography. Thin layer chromatography has the advantages of less sample, less organic solvent consumption, rapid detection without stationary phase contamination.
For the quantitative thin-layer chromatographic method of piperine, the piperine was effectively separated on a GF254 silica gel plate with the binary unfolding system of toluene: ethyl acetate: ethyl ether (6:3;1). The linear range of piperine was 15-75 ng, and the recoveries were 94.53%, which indicated that the HPLC method can be used as a simple, rapid scanning and quantitative method for the detection of piperine.
2 Liquid chromatography
Liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the most mature methods for the determination of piperine. It has been widely used in the field of detecting bioactive substances with its advantages of high separation, accuracy and rapidity. The peak area of piperine showed a good linear relationship with the concentration at 3~150 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 4 The limit of detection of piperine was 1.2 g/mL, and the content of piperine in the young fruits of Piper nigrum was 4.153 mg/g. The content of piperine in the mature fruits of Piper nigrum was 27.2 mg/g. Piperine was not contained in the flowers of Piper nigrum. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used for the determination of piperine in Piper nigrum, and the chromatographic column was a Luna C18 column (250 mm*4.60 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase of methanol: water (77:23) and the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 343 nm and the column temperature was 35C.
3 Capillary electrophoresis
Capillary electrophoresis is an electrophoretic separation analytical method using a flexible quartz capillary as the separation channel and a high-voltage direct current electric field as the driving force to realize separation based on the differences in mobility and distribution behavior among the components in the sample. It is characterized by high separation efficiency, high speed, high sensitivity, low sample requirement and low cost.
The content of piperine in white pepper was determined by thin-tube electrophoresis. The electrophoresis conditions were as follows: quartz capillary column (50 um *90 cm, actual length 81.5 cm), buffer 0.02 mol/L Na2HPO4, 0.02 mol/L NaH2PO4 = 95:5 (pH = 8.6 at 16°C), separation voltage 28 kV, pressure injection 30 mbar *8 s, temperature 25.C, temperature = 0.05 μmol/L Na2HPO4, pH = 0.5 μmol/L NaH2PO4. The separation voltage was 28kV, pressure injection 30 mbar *8 s, temperature 25.C, detection wavelength 343 nm.
4 Ultraviolet spectrophotometry
Ultraviolet spectrophotometry is a method that utilizes the unique absorption spectrum of piperine due to the benzene ring and the conjugated double bond on the structure of piperine. The nature of piperine that absorbs ultraviolet light can be used for the determination of piperine. The ethanol solution of piperine has a maximum absorption peak at 342 nm in the UV spectral region, and this peak was utilized to establish a method for the determination of piperine by UV spectrophotometry. This method can be used to determine piperine in the concentration range of 0 70 g/mL, which obeys the Beale's law. However, other alkaloids such as piperine, piperitinine, and other substances with absorption values at this wavelength can interfere with the results, so that the piperine content determined by UV spectrophotometry is usually higher than the true value.
5 Polarization
Since piperine has two C= C in acidic conditions can be in the mercury drop electrode reduction reaction, resulting in polar peaks. Piperine produces a sensitive polar peak in Britton-Robinson buffer solution at pH 2.2 around -1.01 V (vs. SCE).
The correlation curves between the peak current and the concentration of piperine in the range of 0.05 8 g/mL were established. The results showed that the determination of piperine by polarography was simple, rapid and sensitive. However, due to the toxicity of mercury vapors in the mercury droplet electrodes and the oxidation of mercury electrodes at positive potentials, the scope of application of the polarography is getting smaller and smaller.
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