Bulk Resveratrol Powder Is A Hot Topic Ingredients in Both The Food And Cosme...
Bulk Resveratrol Powder is currently a hot topic and one of the star ingredients in both the food and cosmetic industries. In fact, using resveratrol appropriately (whether ingested or applied topically) can be beneficial for the body, but excessive use can have drawbacks. So, what are the drawbacks? In general, terms that most people can understand, at high concentrations, resveratrol can become a pro-oxidant, causing DNA damage and increasing oxidative stress. The puzzle to solve is: how much dosage when consumed or applied is safe and beneficial? According to conclusions from authoritative organizations, a daily dosage of 5-10 mg/day is considered "entirely safe" for human consumption. There's also conservative literature suggesting an even lower safe dosage of 1 mg/day.
In the United States consumer market, the sales management of resveratrol seems lenient (although it's not exactly the case). Suppliers recommend oral doses ranging from 2.495 mg to 1000 mg per day.
Resveratrol is categorized as a new dietary ingredient in the United States and is regulated by the FDA as a dietary supplement. For new dietary ingredients, manufacturers and distributors are required to notify the FDA of their sales plans, indicating dietary supplements containing "new dietary ingredients." These products cannot claim to have functions like diagnosing, alleviating, treating, curing, or preventing specific diseases or disease categories. As for human consumption studies of resveratrol, there have been no reports of adverse reactions at recommended dosages of 5-10 mg/day. Long-term consumption for health benefits can be safe within a reasonable range, but higher daily dosages are less suitable for prolonged use.
◆References:
01."Subchronic Oral Toxicity and Cardiovascular Safety Pharmacology of Resveratrol" (Published in 2011) - Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(12): 3319–3327.
02."Review of Trans-resveratrol Toxicology Literature" (Published in 2002)
How Much Resveratrol Does Red Wine Contain?
Red grape skins are the richest natural source of resveratrol. Generally, people don't eat grape skins, which is why red wine has become the preferred way for the public to consume resveratrol.
But what's the extent of resveratrol's abundance in red wine? Let's start by discussing some basic physical properties:
Resveratrol has a solubility of 0.03 g/L in water (equivalent to 30 milligrams per liter) and a solubility of 50 g/L in alcohol. This means that the difference in solubility between water and alcohol for resveratrol is more than 1600-fold.
During the fermentation process, grapes naturally produce alcohol, which helps extract resveratrol from the grape skins. Considering various research studies, the measured content of resveratrol in different types of commercially available red wines ranges from 0.02 to 13.4 milligrams per liter. Typically, most wines contain around 1 milligram per liter. This might be the reference basis for claims like "one liter (or one bottle) of red wine contains only 1 milligram of resveratrol" often found in online articles.
In reality, the concentration of resveratrol in wine depends on factors such as the total amount of grapes used in winemaking, fermentation temperature, soaking time, and enzyme usage. Therefore, the actual content can vary from being undetectable (less than 0.1 milligrams per liter) to over 10 milligrams per liter.
It can be said that the majority of commercially produced red wines on the market are unlikely to have high levels of resveratrol, but it's not accurate to say that high levels are completely impossible. The concentration of resveratrol in wine is influenced by various factors, and while most wines might not have exceptionally high levels, there are exceptions.
◆References:
01."Resveratrol Concentrations: 0.6-1.8 mg/L in Wine" (Published in August 1999)
02."Concentration in Red Wine: 0.77-3.25 mg/L" (Antioxidant activity and resveratrol content in wines of national origin)
03."Trans-Resveratrol Concentrations: 0.46-3.35 mg/L in Taiwanese Red Wines" (Published in 2008)
04."Concentration of Resveratrol: 1.29-34.52 mg/L in Red Wine, 0-0.83 mg/L in White Wine" (Published in 2014)
Is the Resveratrol Structure in Red Wine Trans or Cis?
Simply comparing the amount of resveratrol present in wine without determining the ratio of its trans and cis structures is not scientifically objective.
Resveratrol exists in two stereoisomeric structures: trans-resveratrol and cis-resveratrol. Among them, cis-resveratrol exhibits greater biological activity, including antioxidant capabilities. In simpler terms, it holds a higher value.
Initially, the resveratrol in grape skins is predominantly in the biologically active cis form. However, after being extracted, separated, and purified, it can easily transform from cis to trans due to external factors like light and temperature.
In wine, is the proportion of cis-resveratrol higher or that of trans-resveratrol?
A practical test focused on wine reveals that the composition might consist of 10-40% cis-resveratrol and 60-90% trans-resveratrol. These disparities are influenced by factors such as temperature and light during the winemaking or aging process, leading to different forms of loss.
◆Reference:
"Resveratrol Concentrations: 0.26-1.48 mg/L (0.02-0.56 mg/L cis-resveratrol, 0.15-1.28 mg/L trans-resveratrol)" - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Determination of Free Trans-Resveratrol in Wine (Published in 2003)
Bulk Resveratrol Powder's Value in the Market:
Research on the value of natural compounds, especially their benefits for human health, usually focuses on disease treatment, improving health, and anti-aging effects. Resveratrol has been extensively studied for its potential benefits in various aspects such as cardiovascular health, blood sugar control, bone health, cognitive aging, and skin aging. Studies have explored dosages ranging from 150 mg/day to 1250 mg/day to achieve clear improvements.
Absorption Of Resveratrol:
When considering resveratrol as a dietary component and a skincare ingredient, there are different pathways of absorption to discuss.
◆For dietary intake:
Resveratrol can be ingested orally or through injection. The injection delivers the compound directly into the bloodstream, much like the goal of oral consumption. However, oral intake involves some degree of loss during digestion and absorption, making it impossible for 100% of the compound to enter the bloodstream.
Research indicates that there's a significant difference in the bioavailability and physiological effects of resveratrol when ingested through sublingual (cheek) intake compared to gastrointestinal intake. The concentration of resveratrol in the blood is more than 15 times higher when taken through sublingual intake.
◆As a skincare ingredient:
Resveratrol's low solubility in water and high solubility in alcohol, along with its sensitivity to light, pose challenges for its effective topical application. When applied topically, resveratrol needs to penetrate the stratum corneum to reach the viable skin layers for its antioxidant, whitening, and soothing effects. However, the bioactivity of trans-resveratrol is lost upon conversion to cis-resveratrol, which happens when it encounters light.
◆References:
01."Comparison of Two Oral Administration Methods of Resveratrol" (Published in 2015)
02."Human Skin Lightening Efficacy of Resveratrol and Its Analogs" (Published in 2019)
03."Determination of Free Trans-Resveratrol in Wine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry" (Published in 2003)
The overall understanding is that bulk resveratrol powder holds potential value both as a dietary supplement and a skincare ingredient, with considerations for optimal dosage and absorption methods.
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