Lithospermum Extract

What is lithospermum extract?

Lithospermum extract is a natural product extracted from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon through a specific process. It usually appears as purple flaky crystals or crystalline powder. The extract is insoluble in water, but easily soluble in ethanol, organic solvents and vegetable oils. It is also easily soluble in alkaline water and will precipitate when exposed to acid. Lithospermum extract has a wide range of applications in many fields, including medical, cosmetics and food. It is rich in a variety of active ingredients, including pigment components and fatty acids. These ingredients give Lithospermum extract unique pharmacological effects and uses.

What are the benefits?

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory

Lithospermum extract has significant antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and can fight against a variety of skin fungal viruses. Therefore, it is often used in dermatology clinics to treat skin diseases such as flat warts, psoriasis, dermatitis, and eczema. Its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects also make it widely used in other medical fields such as pediatrics, gynecology, and ophthalmology.

Promote metabolism and anti-aging

It promotes the activity of tissue proteases, which means that it can enhance the metabolism of skin cells, thereby helping to repair and renew the skin. Combined with its antioxidant properties, comfrey extract also has anti-aging effects and can slow down the aging process of the skin.

Acne removal and beauty

Comfrey can accelerate the metabolism of acne marks and scars due to its effects of cooling blood, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and detoxifying and clearing rashes. At the same time, its good bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects also make it an important ingredient in acne products.

Therefore, comfrey extract has a wide range of applications in the field of beauty and is listed as one of the functional ingredients by many cosmetic brands.

Anti-pathogenic microorganisms

It has an inhibitory effect on a variety of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, Lithospermum erythrorhizon also has an inhibitory effect on amoeba, showing its extensive antibacterial and antiparasitic activity.

Promote wound healing

It can accelerate the wound healing process, protect and repair damaged skin and mucous membranes, and help repair acne marks and scars.

Clearing away heat and detoxifying

Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract is believed to have the effects of clearing heat and cooling blood, activating blood circulation and detoxifying, and clearing rashes and removing spots in traditional Chinese medicine. It is used to treat symptoms such as blood heat and toxicity, purple and black spots, measles that do not clear, sores, eczema, and burns caused by water and fire.

Can Lithospermum extract anti-inflammatory and restore skin barrier?

Research on Lithospermum has found that it has the effect of retaining water and repairing the barrier, and can restore the condition of the skin.
Significantly reduce skin dermatitis symptoms and reduce skin thickness

Inhibit inflammation-related factors
(1) Inhibit COX-2 and iNOS

(2) Inhibit inflammation-related cytokines

(3) Inhibit the release of IL-8 from mast cells

Lithospermum reduces transepidermal water loss, maintains skin moisture, and increases ceramide content in the stratum corneum.

Reduce skin thickening, accelerate hydrolysis, promote the increase of ceramide, and restore the skin's barrier function

What are the effects on the skin?

It has many positive effects on the skin, including moisturizing, reducing swelling and itching, and alleviating dry skin. These effects make Lithospermum officinale a common ingredient in skin care products and health products, which can help improve skin conditions and prevent and treat skin problems.

It has anti-inflammatory effects and can be used to treat discomfort symptoms caused by skin inflammation, such as itchy skin and rashes.

It can repair damaged skin cells and is suitable for treating skin burns, scalds, frostbite, etc.

Lithospermic acid can inhibit allergic reactions and is used to improve symptoms such as redness, swelling, and itching caused by allergies.

What can it be used for?

Food

Food additives

In the food field, it can be used as a natural pigment and food additive. Since lithospermum contains rich pigment components, these components are naphthoquinone derivatives, including shikonin, acetylshikonin, deoxyshikonin, etc. Therefore, lithospermum extract can provide purple or red coloring power for coloring foods such as candy, cakes, and beverages.

Food supplements

Limegrass extract can also be used to make food supplements, especially in infant foods and health foods. The nutrients contained in lithospermum extract can help improve skin health, promote wound healing, and enhance immunity.

Cosmetics

Lithospermum extract has a variety of effects in cosmetics. It has antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects, which can promote skin cell regeneration and repair damaged tissues, thereby improving skin texture and elasticity, without obvious side effects on the skin and will not cause acne formation.

The active compounds in Lithospermum officinale root extract, such as rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, polysaccharides, mucus, allantoin and protein complexes, play an important role in skin care. Rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid can inhibit the synthesis of compounds that produce inflammation, irritation, redness and itching, and can effectively treat ulcers, acne and sunburn; polysaccharides and mucus can moisturize the skin while cooling the temperature of the skin by calming nerve endings; allantoin can stimulate the proliferation of healthy skin cells, which helps to treat psoriasis, acne, eczema, allergic reactions, insect bites and scars, etc. Lithospermum officinale products also promote collagen production and can be used for anti-aging and skin rejuvenation.

Medicine

Anti-inflammatory

It has shown anti-inflammatory activity in various inflammatory model experiments. For example, in the spinal cord injury rat model experiment, shikonin inhibited the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines, thereby inhibiting spinal cord edema, reducing inflammatory response, and promoting tissue repair and motor function; in the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model experiment, acetylshikonin reduced acute inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of TNF-α promoter; in the xylene-induced auricle swelling model experiment, shikonin effectively inhibited auricle swelling in a dose-dependent manner, and 4mg/kg shikonin had the same effect as 2.5mg/kg dexamethasone in inhibiting auricle swelling. In vitro experiments have shown that shikonin can inhibit the production of TNF-α by rat primary macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and inhibit the translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

Antibacterial

It has an inhibitory effect on a variety of bacteria and fungi. Shikonin has a certain inhibitory effect on fungi such as Cladosporium herbaceum, Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichosporon dermatophytes and Aspergillus fumigatus; it has an inhibitory effect on some Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, Microbacterium dendrobatidis and Micrococcus fumigatus; it can also inhibit the growth of some Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia intermedia and Citrobacter kirsei. In addition, acetylshikonin has an inhibitory effect on different types of oral bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.08, 0.04 and 0.08 mg/mL respectively, and it has an inhibitory effect on the trypsin and glycosidase activities of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Liver protection

In the mouse liver injury experiment, shikonin can effectively alleviate D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury by inhibiting alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, and shikonin can also reduce concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury by downregulating the expression of p-JNK. In the carbon tetrachloride and mouse bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis experiment, shikonin can reduce liver fibrosis and reduce the formation of extracellular matrix by inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathways.

Textile dyeing

The root of lithospermum is rich in purple pigments and is a precious natural dye for traditional direct purple dyeing in my country. Leather, silk fabrics and soy protein fabrics were dyed with natural lithospermum pigments, and it was found that the products were durable and had antibacterial and anti-ultraviolet functions, providing a new way for the dyeing industry that is more environmentally friendly and healthy.

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