Chromium Picolinate Powder

What is chromium picolinate Powder?

Chromium picolinate powder is a purple-red crystalline fine powder,, stable at room temperature, slightly soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol. As an organic trivalent chromium, it is of great significance to the biological activity of glucose tolerance factor and is widely used as a nutritional additive in food and livestock production. Studies have found that it can lower blood sugar and blood lipid levels and relieve symptoms related to glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism disorders. In human nutritional health products, it has become the second largest nutritional supplement after calcium supplements. In livestock and poultry production, supplementing it can promote the growth of pigs and increase the lean meat rate of pigs, improve the immunity of livestock and poultry, enhance the body's anti-stress ability, and improve the reproductive capacity of female livestock.

Biological function

The physiological function of trivalent chromium is mainly as a glucose tolerance factor, an insulin activator, and a stabilizer of DNA and RNA (nucleic acid), affecting the metabolism of sugar, fat, protein and nucleic acid in the body, thereby acting on the body's reproductive growth and immunity.
1. Chromium and sugar metabolism
The body's glucose tolerance factor and insulin are two important active substances that maintain the blood sugar concentration balance system. As a component of the glucose tolerance factor, trivalent chromium can activate the disulfide bond activity of insulin and cell membranes, increase the animal's tolerance to glucose and insulin and its specific receptors, stimulate the tissue's uptake of glucose, and increase the absorption of glucose.
2. Metabolism with fat
The main effect of chromium on lipid metabolism is to maintain normal cholesterol levels in the blood, affect the synthesis and clearance of fat and cholesterol in animal liver, and increase the content of high-density lipoprotein in the blood.
3. Chromium and stress, immunity
Chromium has the ability to resist stress and improve the body's immunity. Stress can increase the content of cortisol in serum, and glucocorticoids are steroids that inhibit growth and immune system function. In addition, stress increases the additional loss of trace elements such as Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, etc. in the body. Chromium can enhance the immunity of animals by reducing the concentration of serum cortisol, avoiding the additional loss of trace elements such as Zn, Gu, Fe, Mn, Cr, and increasing the content of immunoglobulins and antibody titers.
4. Chromium and reproduction
Chromium has a significant effect on pig reproduction and can significantly increase the number of piglets born by primiparous sows.
5. Application in the breeding industry
1) Anti-stress: Intensively farmed animals face a lot of stress, such as nutritional stress, environmental stress, immune stress, and metabolic stress. Stress can cause changes in animal sugar metabolism and mineral metabolism, enhance fecal glycogen degradation and protein angiopoiesis, and enhance glucose utilization, which will lead to an increase in tissue chromium and eventually excretion from the body. Chromium supplementation can reduce mortality caused by stress, improve endocrine, improve production performance, and reduce the excretion of other mineral elements.
2) Can significantly improve carcass quality: Since the 1990s, the main source of chromium studied in animal nutrition, especially in pig nutrition, is chromium picolinate. In the feed for growing and finishing pigs, adding 200 × 10-9 inorganic chromium (supplied in the form of CrCl3.6H2O) failed to improve pig growth and carcass composition. Adding 200 × 10-9 organic chromium to the feed for growing and finishing pigs significantly improved carcass quality, reduced backfat thickness, and increased lean meat rate.

Application
Picolinoic acid is an amino acid metabolite produced in the liver and kidney of humans and mammals, and is present in large quantities in foods such as milk. It is tightly bound to Cr3+ to form a stable compound, chromium picolinate, which can be well absorbed by the human body. Therefore, it is an effective ingredient that can be added to health foods permitted by the Ministry of Health. It is recognized as an ideal chromium source supplement and is mainly used in medicine, health foods and feed additives.

1. Application in medicine and health foods
Chromium picolinate powder as an additive for medicine and health foods, its main effects are: lowering blood sugar and losing weight, strengthening muscles and body, and enhancing immunity. As early as 2003, the Ministry of Health had determined the method for determining its content in health foods. The standard clearly states that it can be added as an effective ingredient to health foods such as tablets or capsules, and has an important auxiliary therapeutic effect on diabetic patients. As a nutritional supplement, the minimum daily intake of trivalent chromium per person is 15μg and the maximum intake is 150μg in the "Regulations on the Application and Review of Nutrient Supplements", and mineral compounds as chromium sources are listed in the list. Its application research in the United States mainly focuses on the study of diabetic patients. Citing Scrip 2004 (2965) 22, the introduction shows that Nutrition 21 in the United States has conducted application research on it and found that as an insulin cofactor supplement, it can be used to treat diseases related to insulin resistance. The data published by the company also showed that the supplement can significantly reduce the sugar addiction of patients with atypical depression, which is a typical symptom of atypical depression. In an 8-week double-blind study, 113 patients were randomly assigned to receive this product (400μg/d, 2 weeks, followed by 600μg/d, 6 weeks) or placebo. The results showed that although both groups showed significant improvement compared with the baseline, the treatment group was significantly better than the placebo group in improving sugar addiction, weight change, obsessive thoughts and rejection sensitivity.
2. Application as a feed additive
Chromium picolinate powder most application research is still the research on its use as a feed additive in the livestock and poultry industry. At present, there is no specific standard for the amount of chromium required by livestock and poultry, and the generally used additive dose is 10-6.
Existing experimental studies have shown that adding this product can show good application effects on livestock and poultry: promoting animal growth, improving the quality of livestock products, especially ketone body quality, improving the reproductive performance of female livestock, increasing the number of litters, perfecting the function of the endocrine system, and enhancing the body's immunity and anti-stress ability.
Adding 200μg/kg to the fattening diet of pigs can significantly improve carcass quality and increase lean meat rate, reduce backfat thickness, and the results are similar to those of β-stimulants but not as good as the effect of injecting growth hormone. Chromium supplementation can increase the concentration of endogenous growth hormone in pigs. When chromium picolinate, chromium nicotinate, and yeast chromium were added to the feed of growing and finishing pigs at a concentration of 0.2mg/kg, the results showed that these three organic chromiums had significant differences in daily weight gain and feed-to-weight ratio of growing and finishing pigs. It is generally believed that in order to improve the quality of pig carcasses, chromium should be added in the last 6 to 9 weeks of the fattening period, and the added dose is preferably 200μg/kg.
Studies have found that adding 0.2 mg/kg to the diet of 3-week-old broilers can increase the ketone body protein content and reduce the fat content. Studies have shown that adding 800 μg/kg of organic chromium to the diet can increase the body weight, daily weight gain, and feed conversion rate of 56-day-old broilers by 7.5%, 11.9%, and 6.5%, respectively, indicating that chromium supplementation for broilers raised under high temperature conditions (30-35°C) can increase weight gain and feed conversion rate. On the basis of the control group, 0.25 mg/kg of chromium picolinate, 0.50 mg/kg of chromium picolinate, 0.25 mg/kg of chromium citrate, and 0.50 mg·kg-1 of chromium citrate were added. The experiment was divided into two stages: the early growth period (1-28 days old) and the growth period (29-42 days old). In the growth period, compared with the control group, only 0.50 mg/kg of this product significantly increased the daily weight gain and reduced the feed-to-weight ratio, and the same results were obtained from the whole period. Compared with the control group, 0.50 mg/kg chromium citrate and 0.50 mg/kg chromium picolinate significantly increased the leg muscle rate of broiler chickens in the early growth period, but had no significant effect in the growth period.
Its research is mainly focused on common farmed animals. The research on organic chromium in ruminants is mostly cattle, and mainly studies its anti-stress and immunity-enhancing effects. As for the research on other smaller animals, there have been reports, but it is far less in-depth than the research on pigs and chickens.
Formulation
Capusle Formulation

Tablet Formulation

Solid Drink Formula

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