Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester

What is Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester?

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester, abbreviated as CPAE, is a phenolic active substance extracted from propolis and is the main active ingredient in propolis. It has multiple pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antiviral, antioxidant and damage repair. It is lipophilic and has long carbon groups in aromatic and aliphatic structures, which can maintain sufficient blood drug concentration required to fight diseases after intraperitoneal administration.

The chemical composition is very complex. For a long time, the uncertain functional components of propolis have affected the application of propolis in modern medicine. CAPE has been identified as one of the main components of propolis, and its pharmacological activity is very extensive. It has extremely strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, so it is widely used in medicine, health products and cosmetics.

Characteristics

1. It has multiple pharmacological activities, but its bioavailability is limited.
2. It remains stable under certain conditions, but is more easily hydrolyzed into caffeic acid.
3. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester contains benzene rings and acrylate structures in its chemical structure, which make it highly hydrophobic, resulting in low solubility in water.

Chemical Structure

CAPE contains a 0-dihydroxy (catechol) phenyl structure, which is a common structure for scavenging free radicals. It also has two ortho-phenolic hydroxyl groups, which makes the benzene ring have a high electron density and is very easy to auto-oxidize and produce color. Bors et al. reported that the 0-dihydroxy benzene ring structure plays an important role in the antioxidant effect of flavonoids. The chemical composition of propolis in different regions is different, so the CAPE content is also different. Studies have shown that the CAPE content in propolis produced in China is relatively high, reaching 15 to 25 mg/g.

Physiological Functions

Liver protection

It can improve liver damage caused by various factors and play a role in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation ways.

Antioxidant

It can remove free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, thereby protecting cells from damage. Immunomodulatory effect.

Anti-inflammatory

CAPE has a significant anti-inflammatory effect and can reduce the release of inflammatory factors, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response. In addition, it can inhibit the activity of NF-κB and further reduce the level of inflammation.

Anti-diabetic

It can lower blood sugar levels and inhibit liver glycogenolysis by inducing the expression of liver glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, while inhibiting the expression of pyruvate carboxykinase.

Anti-angiogenesis

It can inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thereby inhibiting angiogenesis and preventing vascular lesions.

Antiviral

CAPE has an inhibitory effect on a variety of viruses, including influenza virus, herpes virus, etc., and can inhibit viral replication and infection and reduce the ability of viruses to spread.

Whitening and freckle removal

It has an antagonistic effect on endothelin ET1 receptors, competitively inhibits ET1 from binding to its receptors, inhibits endothelin from affecting the proliferation of melanocytes, and thus has the effect of whitening and freckle removal.

Inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest

It can inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, thereby reducing excessive cell proliferation.

Immunomodulation

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester can regulate the activity and function of immune cells, inhibit the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes, promote the apoptosis of immune cells, and reduce the damage to the body caused by excessive activation of immune cells.

Application

Health products

It has strong antioxidant effects and can be added to health products as a natural antioxidant to help resist aging and improve immunity.

Medicine

CAPE shows multiple biological functions such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory, so it has potential application value in the medical field. It has been studied for the development of anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs.

Cosmetics

Skin care product development: It can be used to develop skin care products with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other effects to help maintain skin health.

Whitening and freckle removal products: It has an antagonistic effect on endothelin ET1 receptors, can inhibit the proliferation of melanocytes, and is used in whitening and freckle removal products.

Certificates

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